Test Development and Validation
Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav. 1984 Mar; 32(3): 489-502. (UPSIT)
Doty RL, Agrawal U. The shelf life of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Laryngoscope. 1989; 99(4): 402-4. (UPSIT)
Doty RL, Frye RE, Agrawal U. Internal consistency reliability of the fractionated and whole University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Percept Psychophys. 1989 May; 45(5): 381-4. (UPSIT)
Doty RL, Smith R, McKeown D, Raj J. Tests of human olfactory function: Principal components analysis suggests that most measure a common source of variance. Percept Psychophys. 1994 Dec; 56(6): 701-7.
Murphy C, Quinonez C, Nordin S. Reliability and validity of electrogustometry and its application to young and elderly persons. Chemical Senses. 1995; 205: 499-503 (EG).
Doty RL, McKeown DA, Lee WW, Shaman P. A study of the test-retest reliability of ten olfactory tests. Chem Senses. 1995 Dec; 20(6): 645-56.
Pierce JD, Doty RL, Amoore JE. Analysis of position of trial sequence and type of diluent on the detection threshold for phenyl ethyl alcohol using a single staircase method. Percept Motor Skills. 1996 Apr; 82(2): 451-58. (STT)
Doty RL, Marcus A, Lee WW. Development of the 12-item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT). Laryngoscope. 1996 Mar; 106(3 Pt 1): 353-6. (B-SIT)
Doty RL (2000) The Odor Memory Test™ Administration Manual. Haddon Hts NJ: Sensonics, Inc. (ODMT, STT)
MacKay-Sim A, Doty RL. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: normative adjustment for Australian subjects Australian Journal of Otolaryngology 4(3) · January 2001 (UPSIT)
Koskinen S, Vento S, Malmberg H, Tuorila H. Correspondence between three olfactory tests and suprathreshold odor intensity ratings. Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Nov;124(9): 1072-7. (B-SIT)
Saad S, Greenman J, Duffield J, Sudlow K. Use of n-butanol as an odorant to standardize the organoleptic scale of breath odour judges. Oral Dis. 2005;11 Suppl 1:45-7. (UPSIT)
Jackman AH, Doty RL. Utility of a three-item smell identification test in detecting olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope. 2005 Dec; 115(12): 2209-12. (Q-SIT)
Tourbier IA, Doty RL. Sniff magnitude test: relationship to odor identification, detection, and memory tests in a clinic population. Chem Senses. 2007 Jul; 32(6): 515-23. (SMT, SIT, STT)
Jiang RS, Su MC, Liang KL, Shiao JY, Wu SH, Hsin CH. A pilot study of a traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test for application in Taiwan. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2010 Jan-Feb; 24(1): 45-50. (UPSIT)
Cameron EL, Doty RL. Odor identification testing in children and young adults using the smell wheel. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Mar;77(3):346-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.11.022. Epub 2012 Dec 14. (PSW)
Fornazieri MA, Doty RL, Santos CA, Pinna Fde R, Bezerra TF, Voegels RL. A new cultural adaptation of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013 Jan; 68(1): 65-8. (UPSIT)
Picillo M, Iavarone A, Pellecchia MT, Amboni M, Erro R, Moccia M, Vitale C, Longo K, Santangelo G, Spina E, Scannapieco S, Orefice G, Barone P. Validation of an Italian version of the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification test that is physician administered: our experience on one-hundred and thirty eight healthy subjects. Clin Otolaryngol. 2013 Dec 26. doi: 10.1111/coa.12212. (UPSIT)
Gu D, Li P. [Comparison of application of several psychophysical olfactory test methods in clinic]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2014 May;28(10):715-7. (UPSIT)
Fornazieri MA, Santos CA, Bezerra TF, Pinna FR, Voegels RL, Doty RL. Development of Normative Data for the Brazilian Adaptation of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Chem Senses. 2015 Feb;40(2):141-9. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bju068. Epub 2014 Dec 29. (UPSIT)
Jiang RS, Liang KL. A pilot study of the Self-Administered Computerized Olfactory Testing System. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015 Mar;29(2):55-8. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4177. (SCOTS)
Rawal S, Hoffman HJ, Honda M, Huedo-Medin TB, Duffy VB. The Taste and Smell Protocol in the 2011-2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Test-Retest Reliability and Validity Testing. Chemosens Percept. 2015 Sep;8(3):138-148. Epub 2015 Aug 7. (PST)
Jiang RS, Liang KL. Establishment of olfactory diagnosis for the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016 Jun 22. doi: 10.1002/alr.21818. [Epub ahead of print] (UPSIT-TC)
Doty RL. Olfactory dysfunction and its measurement in the clinic. ScienceDirect. Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2015, Pages 28-33 (UPSIT,S&S)
Ahmad AT, Jbara MA, Hiyasat D, Bateiha A, Ajlouni KM. The standard clinical smell testing protocol of the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics in Amman, Jordan: JOR test. Am J Otolaryngol. 2007 Nov-Dec; 28(6): 388-91.
Doty RL. Measurement of chemosensory function. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Jun 28;4(1):11-28. doi: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.03.001. eCollection 2018 Mar. (UPSIT, S&S)
Devanand DP, Liu X, Cohen H, Budrow J, Schupf N, Manly J, Lee S.Long-Term Test-Retest Reliability of the UPSIT in Cognitively Intact Older Adults. Chem Senses. 2019 May 9. pii: bjz025. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjz025. [Epub ahead of print] (UPSIT)
Doty RL, Wylie C, Potter M, Beston R, Cope B, Majam K.Clinical validation of the olfactory detection threshold module of the Snap & Sniff® olfactory test system. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2019 Jul 8. doi: 10.1002/alr.22377. [Epub ahead of print] (S&S-T)
Jiang RS, Twu CW, Liang KL.The effect of olfactory training on odor identification in patients with traumatic anosmia. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2019 Nov;9(11):1244-1251. doi: 10.1002/alr.22409. Epub 2019 Aug 21. (UPSIT)